The Advantages and Disadvantages of Being a Surgeon

Structure 2Assessment front sheet and criticism record PTLLS Level 3/4 Unit No:| | Learner name:| | Enrolment number:| | Date issued:| | Date submitted:| | I affirm that the proof for this unit is genuine and my very own genuine portrayal work. Student signature:| | Date:| | Feedback: Continue on a different sheet if important, see overleaf Tutor/Assessor/Marker and IQA’s marks (IQA whenever tested) must show up on the accompanying page. Students don't finish this box| Feedback: Continued from past page) | Marker/Tutor/Assessor name:| | Grade| | Date| | Resubmission date (if referred):| | Grade| | Date| | IQA’s name (if sampled)| | Date| | Understanding comprehensive learning and educating in deep rooted learning I have conveyed an instructing meeting covering for a partner on wiped out leave. It was the first occasion when I had worked with the gathering inside which there was an ESOL student, a student with dyslexia, a student who gets learning support and a student w ith troublesome tendencies.I am composing a diary passage for my expert advancement document which is introduced by the phases of the showing cycle (See: Figure 1A The showing cycle, Wilson, 2008, p15). This content is an examination of the learning and training procedures utilized with an assessment of the adequacy of your ways to deal with learning and instructing in addressing the necessities of students. Additionally, this content is an examination of how I chose assets to address the issues of students with a clarification of how I made appraisal openings that addressed the issues of learners.It has been an incredible test to convey a one of a kind instructing meeting to these students just because. To guarantee educating to be powerful, I have followed the instructing cycle referenced before as follows: the Identify need stage; the Design stage; the Implement stage and the Evaluation stage. * The Identify need stage: Before the meeting day, I have assembled as much data as ava ilable, identified with the all gathering of students (I. e. umber of understudies, general conduct of the gathering, and so forth ), the programme’s movement (In this case, in light of a current standardisation I have discovered what had been educated beforehand and what I had needed to instruct. ). During the meeting, I began by acquainting myself with the gathering with a clarification of the reasons why I was remaining before them. This empowered the students to recognize me as their instructor and prepare for the session.Then, I did an analytic appraisal through an ice-breaker to find out the students had earlier information regarding the matter to be taken, to distinguish their favored learning styles, to let them to pick a shading (The shading was utilized as text style for a force point introduction and prints on baked good paper to support the dyslexic student. ) and to empower them present one another. I skirted the data, exhortation and direction (IAG) systems in l ight of the fact that the course is normalized and the gathering has gone to not many meetings with my associate previously. The Design stage This stage was significant on the grounds that â€Å"To neglect to design is to plan to fail† (Petty 2004: 422). I didn't have to make a plan of work in light of the fact that my associate was relied upon to return back to show the following meetings. I arranged a meeting intend to reflect how I would make a comprehensive educating meeting. I made hand-outs (In this case, I utilized on side of hued pastel paper to suit the dyslexic student) and force point introduction which advance all parts of society, correspondence and diversity.I had an emergency course of action in the event that anything has turned out badly. Having considered the way that their adapting needs, learning styles and learning objectives were very extraordinary, I got ready for a separated conveyance to address singular contrasts. I included little gathering work to suit kinaesthetic students and powerless students (In this case it is about the ESOL student and the student who gets learning support), conversation to suit sound-related students and reenactment to suit visual students. * The Implement stageAfter conversation with the students, we concurred and built up standard procedures to advance great conduct and regard for everybody in the gathering. Not long after the ice-breaker movement, I utilized another action to haggle with the students, standard procedures which prohibited problematic propensities expressively. Each standard of the guidelines was composed by one student on a solitary A4 paper obvious during the meeting. Like different students of the gathering, the student with troublesome inclinations felt included with the chance to take proprietorship, at that point, followed the rules.I kept away from preference and positive segregation. I guaranteed to consent to the Equality Act (2010) and to remember all students for the meeti ng. The ESOL student was dispensed additional chance to finish undertakings. The student who gets learning support had the chance to work all in all with different students of the gathering. To address the issues of the dyslexic student, the picked shade of the gathering was utilized close by outs and as the force point slides’ text style.

Strategies for community health promotion Essay

Techniques for network wellbeing advancement - Essay Example In this way, when the people’s wellbeing is in question, while medicinal services work force may be answerable for starting such moves, it would likewise be up to the individuals on whether they would do steps so as to keep their wellbeing at the most ideal state. A great many people are more than ready to get things done so as to keep themselves sound. Some change their ways of life, dietary patterns, and get ordinary exams to keep up their wellbeing, which shows that individuals are equipped for improving their lives. In any case, there are numerous examples that in spite of having the will to partake in such exercises, a few people experience different impediments that keep them from accomplishing ideal wellbeing. Different variables can be credited to such issues, for example, socio-social elements, financial factors, or lacking data with respect to the significance of advancing wellbeing (Sines, et al.; 2009). A few people will be unable to get appropriate clinical consid eration because of their perspectives on wellbeing, for example, profoundly established conviction frameworks, or they might not have enough cash to pay for specialists or medication since they needed to utilize cash for significantly more significant things, or basically in light of the fact that they feel that as long as they don't feel sick or they could in any case stand, they don't have to get any sort of clinical consideration (Hernandez, 2011). These sorts of standpoints with respect to how by and large wellbeing are seen show that wellbeing advancement isn't something that is exclusively influenced by an individual’s demeanor on wellbeing, but at the same time is influenced by different components, regardless of whether outer or interior. In this manner, it is up to clinical faculty, for example, network wellbeing medical caretakers to make extra endeavors in the making of different strategies by which intercessions in regards to the advancement of wellbeing inside ne tworks can be made, just as recognizing whether certain social or financial variables can be intervened to improve the point of view toward wellbeing and health of individuals inside an in danger populace. Depiction of an Aggregate Group for Community Health Promotion People having a place with in danger populaces generally have a place with either or both of the accompanying: a populace with high occurrences of building up the ailment because of hereditary components; and a monetarily distraught populace (Piper, 2009). In certain networks or families it is the blend of having high ailment hazards and having budgetary confinements that mess up terms of keeping themselves solid, and along these lines this depicts the objective gathering for the formation of wellbeing advancement methodologies. For this examination, Latino ladies living in Los Angeles were at first focused as a total gathering for network wellbeing advancement with center around their point of view toward wellbeing, e specially with bosom malignant growth, an acquired malady. While their populace all in all is viewed as a gathering with nearly lower dangers for bosom malignant growth, a few components were recognized to build their dangers for the ailment, for example, socio-social and monetary elements (Winchester, 2006). Because of the hidden issues encompassing the expansion in their dangers for the illness, a few mediations are to be made to advise them in regards to how the infection assaults the body, what treatment or different choices are accessible for them inside the network setting, just as campaigning for them and raising their causes to at any rate the state government level. Be that as it may, so as to comprehend their conditions

Business Organizational Culture and Leadership †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Business Organizational Culture and Leadership. Answer: Presentation: In the present serious world, change is inescapable. Associations start change in their strategies, tasks, structure to improve proficiency. Be that as it may, not all change activities in associations lead to positive results. Change is a delicate procedure which can either affect emphatically or contrarily on associations. Without legitimate measures set up, change activities can bring about representative withdrawal, obstruction, and demotivation. This report gives an astute rule on how SJV and VicSolar will actualize changes to their arrangements and authoritative structure to guarantee key re-arrangement and rebuilding of the association. Change is a moving idea to actualize in associations particularly after an emergency. As per Coombs (2013), starting change after an emergency makes the representatives see the move as a reprisal from the administration on the off chance that it isn't conveyed successfully. Besides, DuBrin (2013) prompts that supervisors ought to be in the front line in imparting the proposed change and how it will influence the associations activities. Inability to impart the planned change ahead of time and an extensive way can altogether influence the mental security of the representatives. Therefore, it is essential to execute change in a manner that doesn't bargain the mental prosperity of the workers. In this regard, this report proposes the use of John Kotters Eight-Stage Process of progress the board. As per Kotter (2012), change activities should be objective. The association must build up the objectives that it needs to accomplish through the change procedure. In this regard, SJV and VicSolar expect to achieve execution effectiveness by adjusting their working structure and approaches. Right off the bat our group will set up a feeling of organization. As indicated by Kotter (2012), making a feeling of organization starts the partners inspirations to acknowledge and take part in the change procedure. In this model, Kotter recommends that the proposed change must get support from 75% of the administration. Be that as it may, making criticalness doesn't involve censuring explicit people on the past authoritative disappointments. SJV and VicSolar need to accept their past emergencies as an aggregate hierarchical disappointment. In this regard, the group will hold fair and persuading discourse with the associations workers to think on the potential reasons for the present circumstance and how the proposed change will restrain such events later on. As Malgas and Benedict (2017) opine, successful correspondence is fundamental in this underlying stage. The group must persuade the representatives that there is a pressing requirement for change in the associations exercises and that these progressions will affect on them emphatically. In the wake of persuading the workers on the earnestness for the proposed changes, a group will be made to manage the change execution process. As indicated by Kotter (2012), the made group ought to have the ability to lead change. This group will involve workers from all positions inside the association. As per Andreasson, Eriksson, and Dellve (2016), worker commitment is essential for change acknowledgment. The laborers must be guaranteed that the proposed changes address their interests. Indeed, Kirrane et al. (2017) call attention to that the greater part of the bombed hierarchical change forms are brought about by deficient workers contribution. Therefore, our group means to guarantee that the entirety of the associations workers are engaged with the change procedure and their interests satisfactorily tended to. The aim of starting change is to upgrade authoritative exercises. Thusly, the proposed change must have an exact vision and method of accomplishing it. As per Kotter (2012), the group responsible for the change procedure must build up a dream to coordinate the change impact. Also, they should structure a system to execute the expressed vision. In this regard, our group will create exact vision outline that shows the representatives the eventual fate of their association in the event that they grasp the proposed changes. As indicated by Kim, McCunn, and Lew (2017), a viable change vision is gotten from deductive thinking. The vision ought to be reasonable and feasible to earn laborers support. In addition, Beech et al. (2017) opine that the vision should feature the advantages that the workers will acquire from the change procedure. In this regard, our groups change vision will satisfactorily address the requirements of the laborers and that of the association to advance maintainabili ty. Openness is absolutely vital in the Kotter's change model. In this regard, our group will guarantee that all the crucial data on the progressing change is adequately imparted to the individuals inside the association. As indicated by Kotter (2012), the specialist of progress is commanded to continually impart the new vision and procedures to the representative utilizing every single imaginable mean. Critically, correspondence in this sense doesn't infer constraining the workers to acknowledge the proposed changes. Pioneers should show others how its done during the change procedure (Goksoy, 2015). In this regard, the association heads and the gathering driving the change should communicate the change they are proliferating in their activities. Schein (2010) demands that the job of administration is to spur workers toward a predetermined game-plan. Therefore, during the change procedure, the pioneers must persuade their representatives to comprehend and grasp change through successful correspondence techniques. In any case, the most significant activity during change the executives is the annihilation of all snags that approach its usage. As indicated by Franklin and Aguenza (2016), it is basic to assess all the components that can ruin change execution beginning from the associations authority to its arrangements. Since SJV and VicSolar need to improve the nature of their administrations, they should adjust their present pay strategies to one that is execution based. Execution based pay frameworks propel representatives to upgrade their work rate as their compensation is attached to their output(Nyberg et al., 2016). In this regard, our group will address all the potential snags to the change procedure beginning from the associations working structure to its strategies. As per Kotter (2012), broad hierarchical change, for example, the one we are embraced requires push, hopefulness, and a feeling of achievement. In this regard, our group will set up measures to make transient successes. These will incorporate persuasive activities, for example, giving input on the change progress and remunerating those whose have effectively adjusted to the new framework. Also, it is basic to guarantee that the change procedure is feasible. As indicated by Leybourne (2016), one method of guaranteeing maintainability during the change procedure is by helping the worker adapt to the new framework. Furthermore, it tends to be accomplished through recruiting workers who can execute the change vision. In this regard, our group won't be hesitant to encourage the association to take out those representatives who will be against the change procedure significantly subsequent to tending to their necessities. The last stage in our change procedure will be to overhaul the associations culture to fit with the new framework. As per Hornstein (2015), authoritative culture directs the significant activities of an association and assumes a vital job in change execution. In this regard, it is basic to have a culture that advances improvement, quality administrations, and viable administration. Thus, our group will revise the current SJV and VicSolar authoritative culture to grasp execution based models of pay, representative preparing, and administration. As Kotter (2012) calls attention to, this last period of the change model delineates the comprehensiveness of the change procedure. Change isn't just centered around the representatives and the board, yet in addition on the structures that direct their presentation. Indisputably, our group plans to use the Kotters eight-phase change the board model to guarantee that all workers acknowledge the proposed changes. This model endeavors at achieving comprehensiveness during the change procedure. Thusly, it will impact changes from the representative to association level. Critically, the model demands powerful correspondence, incorporation, supportability, and collaboration in affecting change. Moreover, our group will modify the associations culture to line up with the proposed changes. Rundown of References Hornstein, H. A., 2015. The joining of venture the executives and authoritative change the board is presently a need. Worldwide Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp. 291-298. Andreasson, J., Eriksson, A. Dellve, L., 2016. Medicinal services chiefs' perspectives on and ways to deal with executing models for improving consideration forms. Diary of nursing the board, 24(2), pp. 219-227. Beech, N. et al., 2017. Overseeing change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Coombs, T. W., 2013. Applied Crisis Communication and Crisis Management: Cases and Exercises. London: SAGE distributions. DuBrim, A. J., 2013. Handbook of Research on Crisis Leadership in Organizations. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing. Franklin, E. U. Aguenza, B. B., 2016. Deterrents, Resistance and Impact of Change in Organizations: An Examination of the Saudi Telecommunication Company (STC). Universal Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(4), pp. 23-37. Goksoy, A., 2015. Authoritative Change Management Strategies in Modern Business. S.l.: IGI Global. Kim, A. A., McCunn, L. J. Lew, J., 2017. Fruitful Facility Change-Management Practices for Retrofit Projects: Case Study in Lighting. Diary of Management in Engineering, 33(4), p. 05017001. Kirrane, M., Lennon, M., OConnor, C. Fu, N., 2017. Connecting perceababived the board support with workers availability for change: the interceding

Shadowing Essays - Mental Health, Mental Disorder, Psychotherapy

Linda Richardson , LAC Ms. Richardson has been utilized at Family Inc for a long time. Her title is CRC/LAC. She was some time ago a Social Worker. A loathsome mishap left her debilitated and regardless of an inauspicious figure by specialists Letha chose to promote her instruction. She utilizes her own hindrance as support to her customers. Family was established in 1995. It was earlier known as Southside psychological well-being framework and was worked by the territory of Arkansas until 1997. During this change, the organization turned into the non-benefit association that it is known as today. Mid-South Health Systems gives an assortment of emotional wellness administrations including outpatient, inpatient, network, and kids and youthful mental and instructive projects. Mid-South, through systems administration with 14 different network wellbeing focuses serves every one of the 75 regions in Arkansas. It is additionally the main non-benefit wellbeing association overhauling Northeastern Arkansas. Mid-South comprises of a few expert workers including specialists, attendants, instructors, advisors, and drug specialists. Mid-South acknowledges Medicare, Medicaid, AR Kids First, private protection, and sliding scale installments for private paying customers. Crucial As a restoration advisor through Family Systems, Ms. Richardson vows to enable customers, to deal with their lives all the more viably, and to improve day by day working of those needing care. Her own crucial associates with the corporate statement of purpose. Family endeavors to sufficiently serve the network with an assortment of emotional wellness alternatives and is resolved to advocate recuperation, legitimate and reasonable rules to the whole group. Demographic Ms. Richardson manages an assortment of customers. By and large, her demographic comprises of SMI (seriously intellectually Ill) and non-SMI people. SMI customers for the most part experience psychosis. They may have an all-encompassing loss of a feeling of the real world. Thusly they can't properly react to their general condition. They might be influenced by misery, character issue or a bipolar issue. Administrations Provided As a representative of Family Ms. Richardson may partake in individual or gathering guiding. Family likewise offers CIS administrations, mental assessments, prescription checks, and recovery day administrations. Essential Role As a CRC/LAC, Linda Richardson goes about as a guide/advisor. She endeavors to be a backer to her customers by supporting and empowering them in an assortment of settings. Treatment is engaged around physical, mental, or enthusiastic help. Her essential goal is to enable the customer to work typically. Approaches Ms. Richardson expresses that the techniques she utilizes are by and large reality based. She endeavors to orientate or re-orientate the customer to their real environmental factors. They should figure out how to concentrate on genuine occasions and not mind flights or individual confusions. Ms. Richardson additionally uses intellectual conduct treatment (CBT). This is a psychotherapeutic methodology. It for the most part includes talking. Notwithstanding these strategies, an individual focused method is additionally utilized. Difficulties and Benefits Ms. Richardson announces that the most testing part of her position is helping customers to beat the disgrace of emotional wellness. Another animating errand is urging the customer to proceed with treatment until essential objective has been accomplished. She expresses that the essential advantage of being a social insurance supplier, all the more explicitly CRC/LAC, is being an assistant to those out of luck.

Reasons and Solutions for Unemployment in USA

Joblessness gives factual proof of the monetary wellbeing and execution of a Government and is characterized as a tally of the quantity of individuals who are not effectively occupied with profitable occupations, have neglected to make sure about an occupation over the most recent a month, however have the essential vitality and capacity to take a shot at the particular employment they are looking for.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Reasons and Solutions for Unemployment in USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the variety of railing questions on the objective and explicit reasons for joblessness, energetic scientists into explicit reasons for joblessness acutely call attention to various them. The US Bureau of Statistics (BLS) subtleties an examination of joblessness conditions in the USA and reasons for joblessness are given amazing figures. News Release (2010) underpins its joblessness insights from an assortment of reviews directed on various family units and organizations that length nonfarm and secretly utilized laborers. By 2010, nonfarm work level had settled at 9.6 percent with occasional alterations. The ensuing months to October of 2010, joblessness rates had hit a 14.8 million imprint, a slight change in accordance with the 9.6 rate mark. News Release (2010) gives a definite report focusing on both male and female representatives. By 2010, the joblessness rate for capable men was recognized to be at 9.7 percent while that one for ladies had hit a 8.1 percent mark. Then again, 27.1 percent of the high school populace was jobless while whites enlisted 8.8 percent joblessness and blacks enrolled 15.7 percent joblessness rate (Kitov, 2006). Then again the Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey (2009) contends that the joblessness rate for different parts, for example, the mining area encountered a transitory decrease over a similar period in October 2010. In any case, the slight enhancement for work over a similar period was not reflected in all parts of the economy. By a similar period, a decrease in government work was enlisted. Also, News Release (2010) measurable information features purposes behind joblessness for various classifications of joblessness reasons. These arrangements incorporate representatives who left or lost their positions and the individuals who made reemergence into their past jobs.Advertising Looking for investigate paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further proof on the bleak possibilities of the degrees of joblessness is filled by markers that encourage the hypotheses that the economy is stale (Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey, 2009). In view of the insights talked about above and other dependable sources, it is obvious that joblessness levels are ever on the ascent the US economy. Among the contributing components is the populace blast of the United States. In this way the joblessness part communicated as a variable of the level of jobless people against the accessible work power in the market corresponds firmly with the populace thickness for frictional, auxiliary, regular, repeating, and remaining unemployments. Populace as a reason for joblessness identifies with the proportion among jobless and the populace thickness. The higher the populace, the higher the degree of joblessness communicated as a proportion of the real populace. Other than elevated levels of populace prove from the developments of individuals from various pieces of the world to the USA, swelling has been recognized to essentially add to high joblessness rates. This depends on the idea of stagflation. Stagflation bears a relationship with total interest and total flexibly, factors that carry on conversely to the Philips bend. The collected impact of swelling on representative maintenance is that organizations discover it s olely costly to keep up workers at their employments and select to lay them off to offload related expenses of looking after them. Notwithstanding that, swelling raises the expense of creation straightforwardly valuing the expense of merchandise and enterprises while decreasing client buying power. An ascent in the measure of flexibly of cash in a country is legitimately identified with higher expansion levels making organizations think that its imprudent to put resources into human funding to encourage their monetary activities.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Reasons and Solutions for Unemployment in USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the significant reasons for joblessness is exchange balance. Exchange balance is an idea that characterizes the pattern in exchange terms of the contrasts between a country’s fares and imports. The hole among imports and fares in the US economy has encountered an extraordinary ascent thr oughout the years. It is obvious that Chinese firms have well tilted the equalization of exchange to their side picking up overwhelmingly on the US showcase. In light of the total gracefully bend, the connection among joblessness and salary per capita as a component of National income(Y) demonstrates a solid relationship with the rising degree of joblessness in the USA. That in any case, the customer value file has additionally altogether affected fair and square of joblessness in the nation. The degrees of cost have an immediate relationship with expansion and the purchaser purchasing conduct and capacity. This depends on the expansion as a variable for estimating the degree of monetary execution of the US economy corresponding to fluctuating value levels. Valletta (2005) contends that American firms have after some time been confronting furious rivalry from firms of different nations that offer less expensive items and administrations. Critical to this is the subsequent loss of an impressive pie of the market and benefits bringing about diminished representative power and joblessness in the long haul. The idea of lean assembling accentuates on ideal utilization of assets and other assembling techniques focused at higher benefits at least working expenses. This idea has had its way on the methodologies and procedures associations utilize in running and rebuilding associations. Business associations have ended up constrained to adjust to level associations to decrease costs related with tall associations and improve on benefits. De-layering has adversy affected worker maintenance inside these organizations and the subsequent outcomes have been to lay off certain representatives. While these joblessness factors have had their cost for the level and pace of joblessness in the United States, innovation has accompanied an impolite stun (Valletta, 2005).Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Known as innovation joblessness, this methodology cultivates the utilization of mechanization in assembling and administration arrangement forms that assume the job of a prepared and gifted worker. Innovation devours essentially far less assets as systems for upkeeps necessities without the related expenses brought about as pay bills for human representatives. The component of performing various tasks, a component that is emphatically empowered by most American organizations expands the degree of joblessness (Kitov, 2006). Performing multiple tasks is where people can take up more than one employment that could be taken up by others. This hampers efficiency however it accompanies the advantages of occupation pivot and employment improvement, an inspirational component in development and self-awareness. Strategy plans identified with financial approaches that have their beginning on rising length unfavorably impacts on wage pressures making an upward or descending pattern for a specif ic joblessness rate (Valletta, 2005). To fittingly address the bunches of issues related with the joblessness levels requests a sharp assessment, ID, and examination of the joblessness circumstance and related factors before executing the arrangements. One of the methodologies is to handle the unfavorable monetary impacts of a flooding populace. While a nation can't remain sufficiently created on the off chance that it receives negative populace arrangements that subvert the exchange of abilities and mastery from various pieces of the world, the US needs to plan and execute approaches that target unlawful movements into the nation. Then again, a nation can't create with a decreasing populace. A lean populace may have unfriendly ramifications on the accessibility of adequate work and suitable labor for continued turn of events and financial development. In this manner, the present degree of populace should be kept up while unlawful settlers that might be considered clamor factors whi le computing the real degree of joblessness ought to be controlled (Valletta, 2005). Notwithstanding the above control, it is prescribed that measures to check high expansion rates and cash deterioration ought to be actualized by fitting utilization of money related components to direct the cash from further devaluations in the neighborhood and worldwide market, regardless of the advantages that accompany a more vulnerable cash. While local utilization may not offer sufficient answers for joblessness issues, US organizations need to update their systems comparable to contending firms who might be labeled as developing dangers especially from India, China, and Brazil. US organizations ought to set up solid monetary and business relationship with developing markets especially found in Africa. Notwithstanding that, individuals ought to be seriously prepared in the utilization of new advances to turn away the issue of innovation joblessness. References News Release (2010). The Employmen t Situation. BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor. Web. Kitov, I.O. (2006). Swelling, joblessness, work power Change in the USA. Web. Work Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey (2009). How theâ?

Snuff Types and Health Risks

Snuff Types and Health Risks Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes Print Snuff Types and Health Risks By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on February 22, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 11, 2020 Bill Hinton Photography/Moment Open/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Snuff comes in a dry form and in a wet or moist form.  Additionally, there is a creamy snuff,  which is less popular than the other forms. Dry Snuff Dry snuff is a powdered tobacco product that involves curing or fermenting selected tobacco leaves which are then ground down into a fine powder. Traditional  fine snuff was a product that highlighted the taste of different tobacco blends only, but most of what is sold today have a scent or flavor added as well. Common flavors include coffee, chocolate, plum, camphor, cinnamon, rose, mint, honey, vanilla, cherry, orange, apricot. Even flavors like whiskey, bourbon, and cola can be found. Most snuff is then tucked away for a period of time to allow the flavors to settle and develop before being  sold. Dry snuff is snorted or sniffed into the nasal cavity, where it sends a hit of nicotine into the bloodstream quickly.?? This action often produces a sneeze, but those experienced in the practice would tell you that sneezing is the sign of a beginner. Wet Snuff Snus This is a Swedish moist snuff product that is sold in little packets.  The snuff is slipped between the upper lip and gums where it sits, mixing with saliva and leaching nicotine-containing tobacco juice into the mouth.  Most snus packets contain about 30 percent tobacco and 70 percent water and flavorings.?? Dipping Tobacco (Dip) This is an American snuff product that is also moist. It is comprised of ground-up or loose bits of shredded tobacco that users take a pinch of to place between cheek and gum. As the juice builds up, its either spit out or swallowed. Chewing Tobacco (Chew) Chewing tobacco comes in a few different forms:  loose, leaf, pellets and plugs. Some are flavored and/or sweetened, and all forms of it are chewed to release tobacco juices. Both dip and chew tobacco are discarded, not swallowed when finished. Creamy Snuff Sold in toothpaste tubes, creamy snuff is meant to be applied to the gums by rubbing it on with the finger or toothbrush. It is then left in place for a few minutes before the spitting out the tobacco-laden saliva it produces. Creamy snuff is made up of tobacco paste, clove oil, glycerin, and mint flavorings. Its used mainly in India by women as a toothpaste to clean the teeth. Creamy snuff is addictive, just like any other snuff product. Who Uses Snuff? Snuff has a long history of use. Mayan snuff containers dating to AD 300-900 have been found. Snuff has turned up in numerous cultures and time periods elsewhere in the world, from South America to Spain and other parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. John Rolfe, husband of Pocahontas introduced commercially manufactured snuff to North America in the early 1600s.?? Following a period of time where snuff was frowned upon and banned by the Pope and a couple of French Kings, it regained popularity with French, English, and even American aristocrats. Interestingly, the U.S Congress passed the first federal excise tax on tobacco products in 1794. A tax of 8 cents was applied to snuff and represented 60 percent of the cost of a container of it. Smoking and chewing tobacco were not included in this tax. James Madison opposed it, saying it deprived poorer people of innocent gratification. Today, snuff is still available in smoke shops throughout Europe. It is regulated in the same way as other tobacco products, including age restrictions. In the United States, snuff is not popular, so is not as easily obtained. It can be found in specialty smoke shops and online. Health Risks   All forms of snuff put users at risk for nicotine addiction.?? Oral snuff can attract a multitude of oral problems, including leukoplakia, receding gums, tooth loss, and oral cancer.?? Chronic abuse of dry snuff leads to morphological and functional changes in the nasal mucosa. Users are also exposed to carcinogens in the tobacco; using snuff may increase the risk of head and neck cancer.?? Is Snuff a Good Alternative to Smoking? While snuff doesnt contain tar or any of the toxic gases produced by burning cigarettes, all forms do  have nicotine and users will become addicted because of that. Snuff tobacco also contains tobacco-specific nitrosamines  (TSNAs), thought to be some of the most potent carcinogens in tobacco.?? The best possible choice is to avoid all tobacco products completely.  If youre addicted to nicotine, use the resources here to help you quit now.  Addiction never just fades away on its own, so be proactive and kick it out of your life.  You wont regret it.

Role of the Fetish in Charles Chesnutt’s The Conjuring Stories. - Literature Essay Samples

A fetish object assumes distinct, almost superstitious power and is often associated with sexual gratification, desire, and worship. As explained in â€Å"Sexualization in the Media, â€Å"Fetishization marks a cultural, psychological, and social technique of fetishizing things by making them appear larger than life, animate, or sexually desirable†. It is argued that this process has profoundly inï ¬â€šuenced contemporary consumer culture. Pietz asserts that the problem-idea of the fetish â€Å"arose within and remains specific to a particular type of cross-cultural experience first engaging European consciousness in ongoing situations on the West African coast after the fifteenth century.† With this in mind, fetishization within popular communication draws upon these cultural associations to create associative connections for products, brands, and organizations. Fetishization, as used in Charles Chestutt’s The Conjuring Stories, encompasses these concepts, but also refers to a broader cultural process of fetishizing objects via communicative technologies; especially in the short story Sis Becky Pickaninny, Chesnutt demonstrates the stages essential to fetishizing and the effect that it has on a person. To paraphrase Jane Bennett, it is assumed and common to think of objects as passive and stable things, and humans as the active subjects in the world. However Bennett aims to dissolve this binary between subject and object in her work Vibrant Matter. Through her work she discusses and shows how worms, a dead rat, or a gunshot residue sample can all be ‘actants† and how they have the capacity to â€Å"animate, to act, to produce effects dramatic and subtle, similar to the effect a fetishized object has on a person. This meaning objects are alive because of their capacities to make difference in the world, to have effects, to shape the web of interrelationships of which they are a part. This is the same effects Julius â€Å"lucky rabbit foot† has in the novel. Even though Julius story had no relevancy to the actual rabbit foot he is able to affirm that the moral, that if Sis Becky had possessed a rabbit’s foot to ward off evil, she would not have watched husb and and child sold away from her. This a prime example of Bennett’s claim, because it shows how much power Julius puts into an inmate object. It is presumed that humans are in charge, and objects and materials are simply used, transformed, or set in motion by us. By emphasizing our dense interconnections and interdependencies, Bennett troubles this idea of a human-centered action in the world and with Julius fetish to the rabbits foot the idea is belied. At the end of Julius tale Annie health starts to improve that same day, and several weeks later John happens to find Uncle Juliuss rabbits foot among her things. With this Annie allowed an object to make psychological, mental, and physical changes within her body. She now has the belief that an object affect her health and good fortune, or she has fetishized the rabbit foot off the belief that it has good luck. William Pietz in â€Å"The Problem of the Fetish, I† describes the characteristics of the fetish in his work and, similar to Bennett’s belief of humans allowing the connections that are made with items to turn to fetishes, he manages to display how Julius may have been able to turn a rabbit foot into a â€Å"fetish’ for Annie. The first characteristic being â€Å"the recognition that the object embodies truth, or how Julius stated that if Sis Becky had a lucky rabbit foot none her problem would have happened. This â€Å"evidence† along with the fact that nothing bad has happened to Julius while he has had a rabbit foot is something that can’t be disproved by Annie therefore she must believe the rabbits foot holds truth. Annie is trusting this item of the stories and the belief that rabbit foots in general give off luck. This is further explained through Walter Benjamin work â€Å"The Language of Things, where he affirms â€Å"It is therefore obv ious at once that the mental entity that communicates itself in language is not language itself but something to be distinguished from it. The view that the mental essence of a thing consists precisely in its language-this view, taken as a hypothesis, is the great abyss into which all linguistic theory threatens to fall†. Through Benjamins beliefs the rabbit foot mental essence is one of luck although the foot can’t communicate this itself. This itself is a mental entity therefore as commutated to Annie and Julius that it is lucky and help with her fortune. The second characteristic being â€Å"a fixed power to repeat an original event and order†. This is done through Annie’s sudden health recovery. Even though Annie has been getting progressively better during her time in Patesville, without the rabbits foot, her recent fetish to the item allows her to give acclaim to for her recent recovery to the object. It is through the belief that because nothing damaging has happened to Julius while he has had the foot and technically the same is happening to Annie, that she is able to feed into the fetish created by the rabbit foot and its origins. This is akin to the third characteristic which is â€Å"the social value of things†. As said by Bill Ellis in â€Å"Why Is a Lucky Rabbit’s Foot Lucky? Body Parts and Fetishes† The origin of the rabbit foot and its superstitions â€Å"at one time in the past this belief was considered a Southern superstition, specifically one of strictly African-American origin. Certain features, too, suggest a distant affinity with Voodooism, or snake worship, a cult which seems to have been indigenous to tropical America. It was only the left hind foot of the rabbit that was considered lucky and the bearer had to rub it to activate the luck. In addition, it was believed that the rabbits foot was a source of protective magic in addition to bringing good fortune..†. This meaning the superstition of the rabbit foot dates back hundreds of years, and it social value has gained since. Additionally, although not mention in the story, the social value of a rabbit foot has always been one of luck, similar to a four leaf clover, or rainbows, it can be assumed that perhaps Annie has heard about the power of rabbit foot previously to Julius introduction of the object. However, she may not have fallen victim to the fetishism of this item until introduced by Julius. This connects to the final characteristic, which is a â€Å"personal connection with the object so that personhood is inseparable from the object†. John finds the rabbits foot two weeks later among Annie things, displaying that she has been with and held on to the rabbits for days after her introduction to the item. Comparable to how Julius kept the foot with him Annie is following that same. In Vibrant Matters Bennett says, â€Å"while the smallest or simplest body or bit may indeed express a vital impetus, conatus, or clinamen, an actant never really acts alone. Its efficacy or agency always depends on the collaboration, cooperation, or interactive interference of many bodies and forces†. This meaning that human and nonhuman elements are always capable of affecting the bevy of processes of which they’re a part. This can include a new phone, clothing, belief system, dance, or in Annie case keeping a dead rabbit foot amongst her belongings. One could argue back that Annie and Julius may not be fetishizing the rabbit foot, but may like the idea of the luck it can bring, or that the two can’t make a connection with an appendage or thing. This would be the case if Julius thought of the rabbits foot from Bennett’s ideology. Bennett’s theory is that people should rethink â€Å"objects† as (lively) â€Å"things, unlike Annie and Julius, who see it as an object of magic, energy, and expected prosperity, rather an appendage from a dead rabbit. Flore Chevaillier discusses in his work, â€Å"Reading Pierre Bourdieu after William Pietz a, a fetish is usually worn on the body and is used to achieve tangible effects, like healing, on the user or for the user. The fetish acts on the body and shares a phenomenology relationship with the wearer. If Annie was to internalize the rabbit foot as an actual thing, feelings of empathy and disgust would surface over her fetish. It is from Bennett’s proposal that she makes humans and objects considerably equal, therefore Annie and Julius would look at the rabbits foot as if a rabbit could hold their foot as a luck charm and it would be the same. This would complicate the fetishization because Annie and Julius could no long create a â€Å"personal connection with the object so that personhood is inseparable from the object, therefore discrediting Pietz last characteristic of a fetish. To create a personal connection with an appendage or in Bennett’s world an actual â€Å"thing† would mean Annie or Julius would think of the rabbits emotions as their own and even the rabbits foot as if it could be their foot, therefore disenchanting them fetishizing the rabbits foot or â€Å"thing†. Furthermore, it would complicate the belief that the rabbits foot holds magic or can bring good fortune. Being that the rabbit foot or â€Å"thing† it is a severed foot, one could speculate that a human foot is good luck or any â⠂¬Å"thing† could be good luck. Rather, Annie and Julius see the rabbits foot as a powerful object, one that is tangible and that they can make connection with, because it is not a thing, or just an idea. It is instead an object they can use to bring them luck and or use to better their lives, as most objects do. This shows that Annie and Julius are so immersed in that which is being fetishized that they do not realize they affected by it or that they are affecting something. Nothing acts alone and as Bennett goes on to say, â€Å"Any action is always a trans-action, and any act is really but an initiative that gives birth to a cascade of legitimate and bastard progeny, Julius and Annie did not know they were adding to the fetish and power of a rabbits foot and its â€Å"lucky powers†. Nor do they realize they are fetishizing this foot and allowing it to affect their lives and the lives of those who might have not believed in the rabbit foot previously. As Pietz mentions the social value of things is a characteristic of a fetish, and both Annie and Julius feed into that, not to mention even Chesnutt does as he tell this tale for others to read. John however, does not feed into the rabbit foots fetish, yet through his narrations the reader is able to see the forming of his power fetish. Being that the novel is narrated through John it is difficult to tell how much of Juliuss apparent relish is based on Johns stereotyped expectations, or how much is a calculated performance by Julius to get what he wants by exploiting Johns expectations. However, through John’s calculated view of the world the reader can see exactly what Bennett’s theory is trying to argue. John views most things as items and opportunities. John looks at the world in a â€Å"human-centered† view therefore cannot understand Annie or Julius fetish to the rabbit foot. He looks at items and even â€Å"things, as Bennett would call them, as tools and stuff to be used to further him in life. An example of this would be, John and Annie’s reasoning behind moving to Patesville. The couple moved, yes because Annie need to come for her healt h, but mainly for Johns business purposes. Even Annie, who is a human, is still treated as an object to better John’s live or an excuse to further his business and power. Through Bennett’s theory the reader can see why Bennett’s feel as if everything should be either treated as an object or a thing. Through Johns character the reader see the illegitimate authority the John gives to himself, and according to Bennett it is the same authority we give to humans over things. With this the read can see John’s fetish of power. He shows it over Annie, Julius, and anything he can use to further himself into success. Whether a power fetish or an object fetish, Chesnutts characters distinctly mirror how most human in the world function around objects. After hearing one irrelevant story by Julius, Annie immediately took to the rabbits foot as an object of health and benefit, fetishizing over it because of the belief it can bring her good fortune. John spent the entire novel focused on business and inflicting power over the people in his life, no matter how many time Julius tries to distract him of his ways. This proving that when a fetish is formed, it overcomes and effect a persons way for thinking and acting. Charles Chesnutt displayed this through multiple stories, but especially in Sis’ Becky’s Pickaninn. Work Cited Ellis, Bill (2002). Why Is a Lucky Rabbit’s Foot Lucky? Body Parts and Fetishes. Indiana : Indiana University Press. Chevaillier, Flore (2015) Reading Pierre Bourdieu after William Pietz: Central State University. Morgan, Florence A. H. Novel Notes: The Conjure Woman. Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Gale. Literature Resource Center. Bennett, Jane, 1957-. Vibrant Matter : a Political Ecology of Things. Durham :Duke University Press, 2010. William Pietz , The Problem of the Fetish, I, Res: Anthropology and aesthetics 9, no. (Spring 1985): 5-17. Benjamin, Walter. The Language of Things, Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England: The Belknap press of Harvard University Press.